Risk Factors

- Cigarette smoking.
- Work-related exposure to cancer-causing substances: chemicals used in dye, paint, oil, and textile industries.
- Pesticides: exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water due to nearby use of pesticides.
- Prior treatment with cyclophosphamide (chemotherapy).
- Prior radiation treatment to the pelvis, such as for prostate, rectal, cervical or ovarian cancers.
- Prior urinary tract or bladder infection with schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection most common in Africa.
More on Bladder Cancer
Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer
In the Encyclopedia:
Bladder cancer Transurethral bladder resection Cystectomy
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