Causes

For most people, high blood pressure does not have a known cause, although risk factors such as a family history increase the chances of developing the condition. This type of high blood pressure is known as essential hypertension and is permanent. High blood pressure is easily detected and is usually controllable. In rare cases, high blood pressure can result from other illnesses such as kidney or adrenal gland problems. This kind of hypertension is that in which the doctor can pinpoint a definite cause. It is called secondary hypertension and usually can be reversed or treated, particularly if the cause is identified.

Hypertension

While no one knows exactly what causes high blood pressure, here are risk factors that may lead to high blood pressure:

• Age. Typically, the older you get, the greater your risk. Men usually develop high blood pressure between the ages of 35 and 55. Women are at greater risk after menopause.
• Family history. If you have close family members who have high blood pressure, you're more likely to have it.
• Race. African Americans are at higher risk than Caucasians and may have earlier, more severe cases.
• Obesity. People who are obese, especially those who are sedentary, are more at risk.
• Alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can increase blood pressure.
• Salt. Too much salt in your diet can increase blood pressure.
• Pregnancy. Blood pressure should be monitored at each pre-natal visit.
• Stress. If you're going through a period of long-lasting stress, you could be at risk.
• Diabetes or kidney disease. These conditions could increase risk.

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This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.