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What is a bone marrow biopsy?
We all know that bones are hard, but did you know that they're also hollow? The space inside our bones has a spongy tissue called bone marrow that makes our blood.
A bone marrow biopsy is a way to remove some marrow for testing. A special needle is used for this test.
This test is also known as bone marrow aspiration.
Why does a bone marrow biopsy need to be done?
This test is used to diagnose certain blood diseases and cancers. Your doctor will start by having you get some blood tests. If the results aren't normal, your doctor may suggest a bone marrow biopsy. This test provides more information for proper treatment.
Blood diseases like anemia and certain infections may be found on a bone marrow biopsy. Using the results from the test, your doctor can recommend the proper treatment.
A bone marrow biopsy can tell your doctor if you have cancer, and what type you have. There are many forms of cancer and different types of treatment for each type. Leukemia and lymphoma are common examples of cancers that may be found by a bone marrow biopsy.
How is a bone marrow biopsy done?
A special needle is used for a bone marrow biopsy. After numbing the skin, the doctor inserts a needle to collect a sample. The needle will go through your skin and into the bone. Unfortunately, the process may be painful, but it should be brief.
This process is usually done at the hip, but other areas may be used. After the biopsy is finished, the doctor will apply pressure to stop any bleeding.
How long does the procedure take?
The part of the procedure that you may find painful lasts only several minutes. The entire process may take up to 30-45 minutes because of the preparation involved. You will go home the same day if there are no major problems. Usually, the doctor checks to make sure that any bleeding has stopped before letting you go.
What are the risks?
Major problems are rare. Bleeding and infection are possible at the needle site. You may also see some swelling and bruising. Other risks, including death, are very rare.
The risk of bleeding and infection may be higher if you have a blood disease or cancer. Talk to your doctor about any of your concerns.
Although it may not sound like a fun thing to do, a bone marrow biopsy could reveal important information that could save your life.
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External Sources
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American Cancer Society
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National Cancer Institute
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National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.
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