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What is a cystoscopy?
Your bladder is an internal organ that holds your urine. A cystoscopy is a test that allows the inside of the bladder to be seen. Usually, this is done by a doctor called a urologist.
Why does a cystoscopy need to be done?
A cystoscopy may be done if you're having bladder problems. Some people may see blood in their urine. Others may have frequent bladder infections. Many people have problems with incontinence (involuntary release of urine). This test can provide your doctor with more information so you can be treated properly.
During the cystoscopy, if the doctor sees something that doesn't look normal, a tissue sample can be taken. This is called a biopsy. The sample can be sent to the lab for testing. Sometimes, a kidney stone might be seen. In other unfortunate situations, bladder cancer may be found.
The prostate is an organ that can cause urinary problems in men, especially when they get older. By doing a cystoscopy, the doctor can see if the prostate is causing any of the problems.
How is a cystoscopy performed?
A small fiber-optic scope is passed through the opening from which urine flows (the urethra). Medications can be used to numb this area to prevent pain or discomfort. Once the scope gets to the bladder, some sterile water may be used to fill the bladder. This may feel strange, but it shouldn't be painful. By filling the bladder, the doctor can better see the area.
If anything unusual is seen in the bladder, a biopsy may be done. A special camera on the scope allows what the scope sees to be viewed on a TV screen.
Your doctor may have you take antibiotics before and after the test.
How long does the procedure take?
The process usually takes less than an hour and patients are usually awake during the test. You will go home the same day if there are no major problems. Biopsy results may take several days.
What are the risks?
The procedure is considered low risk, so major problems are rare. Bleeding and infection are possible. You may notice some blood in your urine after the test. A small amount may be normal, but you should talk to your doctor if you're not sure. The risk of injury to other organs is very small.
Talk to your doctor if you think you need a cystoscopy.
This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.
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