Feeding Tubes

What is a feeding tube?

Most people don't really know what a feeding tube is. In the hospital, the term "feeding tube" can mean different things. For example, one patient may have a temporary tube in the nose that goes to the stomach. It may only be used for a few days. Another person may have something called a PEG tube that goes directly from the skin to the stomach. This kind of tube is permanent and can be used for many years.

Why are feeding tubes used?

Feeding tubes are used when someone can't swallow properly. For example, after someone has a stroke, swallowing may be difficult. In that case, a feeding tube can provide that person with nutrition.

The "NG" tube is a temporary tube that goes in the nose and into the stomach. It can be used for a few days and is easy to take out. This type of tube may be used when someone is on a mechanical ventilator.

The "PEG" tube is a permanent tube that is surgically placed. This may be used when someone needs a feeding tube for several weeks or longer.

Some patients may need feeding tubes for the rest of their lives. They may have had neck surgery or throat problems, and may not be able to swallow at all.

How are feeding tubes used?

First, the tube is placed. A temporary tube like an NG tube is simply inserted into the nose and swallowed into the stomach. No surgery is needed and it can be pulled out easily.

A PEG tube requires a surgical procedure. A small incision is made in the abdomen for the plastic tube to come out.

Once a feeding tube is ready, formula "tube feeds" can be put into the tube. These highly nutritious mixtures may be given at night or during the day.

How long does the procedure take?

An NG tube only takes a few minutes to put in. A PEG tube usually takes less than an hour and requires surgery. A form of general anesthesia (being put to sleep) may be used during the operation.

You will go home the same day if there are no major problems.

What are the risks?

The PEG tube operation is considered low risk, so serious problems are rare. Bleeding and infection are possible at the incision. The risk of injury to other organs is very small. Other risks, including death, are very rare and should not occur.

Discuss with your doctor if you should receive a feeding tube. Talk with your loved ones about it also. It is a very important decision.

Sources:

Alzheimer's Association

Family Caregiver Alliance

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Society of Critical Care Medicine

The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons

This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.