PPD Test

What is a PPD test?

The PPD is a special skin test for tuberculosis (TB).

There are many different names for the PPD, including TB skin test, tuberculin test and Mantoux test. PPD stands for purified protein derivative.

What is TB?

TB is among the leading killers of contagious diseases worldwide. It is caused by a bacterial infection and mainly affects the lungs, but can also affect other organs.

TB is very common, especially in poorer socioeconomic settings and the developing world. It can be found in prisons and homeless shelters. You may even know someone who has it. TB is contagious, so if you live with someone who has TB, you should get tested as soon as possible.

Symptoms include:

• Cough, including bloody phlegm
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Difficulty breathing

Why do I need a PPD test?

Many schools and workplaces require you to be tested for TB before starting. The easiest way to do this is with a PPD skin test.

Healthcare workers need to have a PPD test every year because they are at increased risk. Nursing homes and prisons also routinely require a PPD.

How is the test performed?

The PPD is placed on your arm with a tiny needle. A small amount of test medication is injected into your skin. You may feel a tiny needle prick, but it is not painful. Be aware that a small bruise may form at the site of the injection.

After the test, you need to return to see a doctor or nurse within 48 to 72 hours. Your arm will be inspected and the test will be finished. You will be told that the test is either positive or negative. If your test is positive, you will need to get a chest x-ray.

What are the risks?

The test is very low risk. You may develop a local reaction at the needle site or your arm may get red and swollen. Blisters may form, but this is rare.

The PPD test is safe and will you will not get TB from it.

What do the results mean?

If the test is negative, no further tests will be done.

If the test is positive, you may or may not have active TB. You will need a chest x-ray to learn more and will need to discuss the implications with your health care provider.

TB can be treated with medications, but you must take them every day. Public health centers also give free medications through a special program.

Talk to your doctor if you think you need a PPD test.

Related Articles What Is the Difference Between Pneumonia and Bronchitis? Bacterial Infections

External Sources American College of Chest Physicians American Lung Association American Thoracic Society Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.

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