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Why would I need this test?
X-ray studies are used to evaluate the skeleton (bones of the body) and its supporting structures. Fractures, problems involving the joints, and supporting structures within the joints can often be seen on an x-ray. Organs such as the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, can also be evaluated with x-rays. Specifically, x-rays can show abnormalities like tumors, masses, strictures, or obstructions. Certain diseases, such as pneumonia and tuberculosis, can also be identified on an x-ray.
How is this test performed?
X-rays use electromagnetic energy to form an x-ray beam, which is focused on a body part. The radiation beam passes through your body and produces an image on film. You should remove clothing, jewelry, and any metal objects in the area being x-rayed. Also, if necessary, a lead shield will be placed over other parts of your body not being x-rayed, to minimize exposure to radiation. You will usually stand, lie or sit on a table, and the part of the body being imaged will be positioned between the x-ray machine and a cassette containing the film. You should be still while the image is taken to ensure a sharp image. The x-ray technician will then step out of the area and press a button to take the picture.
Is it safe to have x-rays while pregnant?
X-rays are generally safe during pregnancy. In most x-ray tests, the dose of radiation to the fetus is quite small. The usual exposure limit of an unborn baby is 5 units of radiation. Most x-rays have much less radiation. Special techniques can be used to reduce fetal exposure even further. For example, a lead apron can be placed over your abdomen and pelvis to protect the fetus when the x-rays are taken. If you think you might be pregnant, tell your doctor so that an informed decision can be made.
When are x-rays unsafe?
There are certain situations in which x-rays are unsafe in pregnancy. During the first three months of pregnancy, there is a slightly increased risk of birth defects, depending upon what x-ray is being done; however, if you have a serious illness or injury, the risks to you and the baby from NOT getting diagnosed by an x-ray are often greater than the dangers of the x-ray itself. If x-rays are necessary, a lead-lined apron placed over the mother's stomach can shield the baby.
In addition, chest tomography, which is used only to evaluate significant chest problems, is seldom performed during pregnancy because of higher levels of radiation. It might be performed only if there is a suspicion of a blood clot in the lungs or a tear in the major blood vessel in the chest.
This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.
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