Preventing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a chronic condition of pain, tingling and numbness in the wrist, palm or fingers of one hand. Movement and sensation of the thumb and sensation of the index, middle and ring fingers all depend on the median nerve. Pressure on or direct damage to the median nerve leads to CTS symptoms:

• Electrical tingling and numbness of fingers.
• Hand pain, especially at night.
• A weak grip and a tendency to drop things.

How big a problem is CTS?

CTS is a very common problem affecting many types of workers in different settings, both in the service industry and manufacturing. In 2004, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that CTS caused the greatest number of missed workdays - 43 days for those who have the problem. More workdays were missed due to CTS than broken bones or back injury.

Why is the wrist at risk?

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway between the metacarpals (wrist bones) and the transverse carpal ligament from the wrist to the hand. The median nerve shares this narrow space with nine ligaments, leaving little room for swelling that might accompany injury. Repetitive motion injury that leads to CTS is usually the result of overuse, from bending the wrist repeatedly or keeping it flexed without rest. With repeated stress, the tissue that lines tendons (synovium) fills with fluid and swells in response to injury. Inflammation of soft tissue leaves even less room in this already tight "tunnel."

Wrist straining tasks

• Working the cash register.
• Working at a computer. Improper use of the mouse is more of a cause than typing.
• Use of vibrating machinery, such as power tools.
• Any recreation that involves repetitive bending of the wrist, such as knitting and racquetball, golf and canoeing.

Conditions associated with CTS

Swelling and nerve damage can set up the conditions for CTS. People with the following conditions are more susceptible:

• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism
• Arthritis
• Pregnancy

Prevention Tips

Good habits to protect your hands from overuse injury will help prevent CTS.

Computer workstation

• Mind your posture at the computer. Keep eyes level with screen.
• Limit use of the mouse. Hold the mouse level (without bending the wrist). Keep the mouse as close to the keyboard as possible and move it with your arm, not the wrist.
• Type with wrists OFF the table or keyboard.

For all workers:

• Take short breaks every 15 to 20 minutes.
• Learn stretches and exercises to help keep your muscles relaxed.

External Sources U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.

Search